Physiology, Vasodilation
2026 Jan
Abstract
Vasodilation is the widening of blood vessels due to the relaxation of the blood vessel's muscular walls. It is a mechanism to enhance blood flow to areas of the body lacking oxygen or nutrients. Vasodilation causes a decrease in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and an increase in blood flow, reducing blood pressure.  The emergence of the organoid simulates the native organs and this mini organ offers an excellent platform for probing multicellular interaction, disease modeling and drug discovery. Blood vessels constitute the instructive vascular niche which is indispensable for organ development, function and regeneration. Therefore, it is expected that the introduction of infiltrated blood vessels into the organoid might further pump vitality and credibility into the system. While the field is emerging and growing with new concepts and methodologies, this review aims at presenting various sources of vascular ingredients for constructing vascularized organoids and the paired methodology including de- and recellularization, bioprinting and microfluidics. Representative vascular organoids corresponding to specific tissues are also summarized and discussed to elaborate on the next generation of organoid development.
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