Neurotransmitters

• Acetylcholine (ACh)

  Muscle contraction, attention, learning, memory, autonomic nervous system

• Adenosine

  Promotes sleep, suppresses arousal, regulates blood flow

• Aspartate

  Excitatory neurotransmitter similar to glutamate

• ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

  Co-transmitter involved in pain, autonomic function, cell signaling

• Dopamine

  Motivation, reward, movement, learning, attention

• Dynorphins

  Pain control, stress, emotional regulation

• Endocannabinoids (Anandamide, 2-AG)

  Appetite, pain, mood, memory, stress recovery

• Endorphins

  Natural pain relief, pleasure, stress reduction

• Enkephalins

  Pain modulation, stress response

• Epinephrine (Adrenaline)

  Fight-or-flight response; increases heart rate and blood flow

• GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid)

  Main inhibitory neurotransmitter; reduces neuronal activity, promotes calm

• Glutamate

  Main excitatory neurotransmitter; learning, memory, synaptic plasticity

• Glycine

  Inhibitory neurotransmitter in spinal cord and brainstem; motor control

• Histamine

  Wakefulness, appetite regulation, immune responses

• Neuropeptide Y (NPY)

  Appetite, stress resilience, anxiety regulation

• Nitric Oxide (NO)

  Gas neurotransmitter; blood vessel dilation, memory, immune signaling

• Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)

  Alertness, attention, stress response, blood pressure

• Oxytocin

  Social bonding, childbirth, breastfeeding, trust

• Serotonin (5-HT)

  Mood, sleep, appetite, digestion, pain, sexual function

• Substance P

  Pain transmission, inflammation, nausea

• Vasopressin (ADH)

  Water balance, social behavior, blood pressure