Histamine
⤢ 3D
Histamine is best known for allergy and inflammation, but in the brain it is a neurotransmitter that promotes wakefulness and arousal. Neurons of the tuberomammillary nucleus release it to sustain alertness — which is why antihistamines that cross into the brain cause drowsiness. It also influences appetite, learning, and the body’s immune and gastric-acid responses.
Too little may be associated with
Excessive sleepiness
Too much may be associated with
Allergic symptoms, insomnia
Informational only — not medical advice.
Stimuli that influence it
Functions
Books (3)
Podcasts
Research (29)
- The oscillatory biology of sleep: Linkage to dementia Nedergaard (2026) Full text ↗ PubMed ↗
- Hypothalamic Dysfunction Casipit et al. (2026) PubMed ↗
- Orexin Receptor Antagonists for the Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease and Associated Sleep Disorders Carpi et al. (2024) Full text ↗ PubMed ↗
- Functions and mechanisms of adenosine and its receptors in sleep regulation Zhu et al. (2024) Full text ↗ PubMed ↗
- Sleep-Wake Neurochemistry Holst et al. (2022) Full text ↗ PubMed ↗
- Hydroalcoholic Extract of Ashwagandha Improves Sleep by Modulating GABA/Histamine Receptors and EEG Slow-Wave Pattern in In Vitro - In Vivo Experimental Models Murthy et al. (2022) Full text ↗ PubMed ↗
- Restless legs syndrome Videnovic et al. (2021) Full text ↗ PubMed ↗
- Food Intolerance: The Role of Histamine Shulpekova et al. (2021) PubMed ↗
- Neurobiology of sleep (Review) Falup-Pecurariu et al. (2021) Full text ↗ PubMed ↗
- Revisiting the role of neurotransmitters in epilepsy: An updated review Angelopoulou et al. (2021) Full text ↗ PubMed ↗
- Effects of Diet on Sleep: A Narrative Review Binks et al. (2020) Full text ↗ PubMed ↗
- Histidine in Health and Disease: Metabolism, Physiological Importance, and Use as a Supplement Holeček (2020) PubMed ↗
- Neuroactive compounds in foods: Occurrence, mechanism and potential health effects Yılmaz et al. (2020) Full text ↗ PubMed ↗
- Arousal and sleep circuits Jones (2020) Full text ↗ PubMed ↗
- GABA and l-theanine mixture decreases sleep latency and improves NREM sleep Kim et al. (2019) Full text ↗ PubMed ↗