Depression
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A common, serious mood disorder causing persistent low mood, loss of interest, and difficulty functioning. It is linked to dysregulated monoamine signalling (serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) and glutamate/GABA balance, and is highly treatable.
Neurotransmitters
Related stimuli
Books (4)
Podcasts
- All In The Mind
ABC RN's exploration of the mind, brain, and human behavior.
- Ten Percent Happier with Dan Harris | 5 minute podcast summaries
Dan Harris on meditation, the mind, and handling emotions.
- The One You Feed | Personal Growth, Emotional Resilience & Purpose
Practical wisdom for building better habits and mental health.
Research (14)
- All roads lead to glutamate: NMDA and AMPA receptors as targets for rapid-acting antidepressants Freudenberg et al. (2025)
- Glutamatergic Modulators for Major Depression from Theory to Clinical Use McIntyre et al. (2024)
- Gut microbiota modulates neurotransmitter and gut-brain signaling Wang et al. (2024)
- Depression and the Glutamate/GABA-Glutamine Cycle Mamelak (2024)
- Current status of GABA receptor subtypes in analgesia Zhu et al. (2023)
- Evaluation of Prefrontal γ-Aminobutyric Acid and Glutamate Levels in Individuals With Major Depressive Disorder Using Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Ritter et al. (2022)
- Novel Glutamatergic Modulators for the Treatment of Mood Disorders: Current Status Zarate et al. (2021)
- 5-HT(3) receptor antagonism a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of depression and other disorders Bhatt et al. (2021)
- Altered Connectivity in Depression: GABA and Glutamate Neurotransmitter Deficits and Reversal by Novel Treatments Krystal et al. (2019)
- Neurophysiological symptoms and aspartame: What is the connection? Choudhary et al. (2018)
- Serotonin and neuroplasticity - Links between molecular, functional and structural pathophysiology in depression Kasper et al. (2017)
- Glutamate and its receptors in the pathophysiology and treatment of major depressive disorder Niciu et al. (2014)
- Antidepressant effects of ketamine in depressed patients Berman et al. (2000)
- Depression: the case for a monoamine deficiency Delgado (2000)
Links
Recovery resources
Help for depression use and recovery. Not an endorsement or medical advice — see all recovery resources.
988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline (US)
☎ 988A free, 24/7 US hotline (call or text 988) providing immediate support for anyone in suicidal crisis or emotional distress.
Crisis Text Line (text HOME to 741741)
☎ 741741Free, 24/7 crisis support by text message with a trained volunteer counselor (text HOME to 741741 in the US).
SAMHSA National Helpline (US)
A free, confidential, 24/7 US treatment-referral and information line for individuals and families facing substance use or mental health disorders.
- Emotional Health Anonymous (EHA)
A 12-step program supporting recovery from emotional and mental-health struggles.
Emotions Anonymous (EA)
A 12-step fellowship for people working toward emotional wellbeing amid anxiety, depression, and other difficulties.
Community
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